CNGB1 antibody

Background of CNGB1 antibody

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels play central roles in visual and olfactory signal transduction, these channels are activated by cAMP and are composed of at least 5 distinct members (CNG1-5). Native CNG channels are heteromeric complexes consisting of alpha subunit (CNG1-3) which can form functional channels by themselves and the modulatory beta subunits (CNG4-5). There at least two subtypes of CNG channel characterized (alfa and beta subunits) each expressed in multiple spliced variant form. Expression studies indicate that only CNG1-3 are able to form functional homooligomeric channels. The cone photoreceptor cells express only CNG alfa 2 subunit whereas rat olfactory sensory neurons has been shown to express aalfa3, alfa4 and beta 1 subunit. The CNGb1 is an alternate splice form of rod photoreceptor CNG beta 1a subunit (1). Single channel analyses on olfactory sensory neurons cilia suggest that CNG channel is assembled and composed of all three subunits in different combinations of a specific alfa subunit with various forms of an alternatively spliced beta subunit. Rat pineal gland CNG channels express three types of subunits, an alfa-subunit, two beta subunit splice variants (rCNG4.1 and rCNG4.2) and a hydrophilic glutamic acid-rich protein GARP in addition the CNG4 expression was also noted in arcuate periventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus (2).
CNG channels are expressed in several tissues and cell types suggesting a general function of these channels in a wide variety of cellular systems regulated by second messenger mediated pathways regulated by Ca+2 influx. The CNG channels in ROD photoreceptors cosist of CNG1 and CNG4 and olfactory neurons have CNG2, CNG4 and CNG5. In the cone photoreceptors only alfa subunit CNG3 is identified. Recently a new CNG6 subunit is identified in mouse retina which has highest similarity to CNG4 beta subunit (3). The CNG channels are also involved in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in testis. The CNGs are expressed along with PKGI, soluble guanylate cyclases (sGC) in spermatids. The CNG beta1 subunit is a 1339 aa protein containing several functional motifs and posses a single transmembrane domain. The CNGb1 is located on chromosome 19p13.