FANCA antibody

Background of FANCA antibody

FANCA (Fanconi anemia group A protein) is a D repair protein which plays a key role in post-replication repair, cell cycle checkpoint function, interstrand D cross-link repair and maintence of chromosome stability. FANCA belongs to multisubunit FA complex (FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, FANCL/PHF9 and FANCM) which is absent in FA patients. When complexed with FANCF, FANCG and FANCL (but not with FANCC, nor FANCE), FANCA interacts with HES1 and this interaction is crucial for the stability as well as nuclear localization of FA core complex proteins. FANCA-FANCC/FANCG complex may include EIF2AK2 and HSP70 also and it directly interacts with FAAP20/C1orf86. Localized mainly in the nucleus and cytoplasm, it gets phosphorylated upon D damage through ATM/ATR. FANCA is a most frequently mutated gene in FA (representing 60-70% of the cases) and over 350 unique mutations have been reported which includes large genomic deletions mediated by unusually high density of ALU repetitions found in its genomic sequence. FANCA sequence alterations or its altered expression has been associated with ovarian cancer and leukemia, and homozygous mutations of FANCA have been linked to esophageal cancer. Defects in FANCA are a cause of Fanconi anemia (FA), a rare disorder characterized by physical abnormalities, bone marrow failure (BMF), increased risk of maligncies, and cellular hypersensitivity to D cross-linking agents.