FOXP3 antibody

Background of FOXP3 antibody

Forkhead box protein P3 (Fox3p) is a probable transcription factor that plays a critical role in the control of immune response. Mice deficient in FOX3P (Scurfy mice) exhibited over proliferation of CD4+CD8- T lymphocytes, multi-organ infilteration and elevation of numerous cytokines. The Fox3P deficiency is lethal in hemizygous mice similar to CTLA4 or TGFbeta deficient mice, the pathology observed is in scurfy mice is similar to animals that lack expression of CTLA4 or TGF beta that result from inability to properly regulate CD4+CD8- T cell activity (1). strong correlation between expression of forkhead box P3 and ex vivo expression of CTLA-4 in Treg cells was observed. The protein encoded by scurfin gene, designated as FOX3P is a new member of the forkhead/winged-helix family of transcriptional regulators and is highly conserved in humans and is essential for normal immune homeostasis. FoxP3 is a necessary transcription factor for the development and function of CD4+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs) and it inhibits HIV infection by inhibiting NFAT activity and NFAT proteins contribute to HIV-1 transcription (2). Mutations in FOX3P gene (homolog of mouse scurfy gene) resulted in IPEX (X-linked neonatal diabetes mellitus, enteropathy and endocrinopathy syndrome) disorder characterized by immune disorder characterized by immune dys-regulation, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, infection, secretory diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, anemia and aczema. It is usually lethal in infancy. The CD4+CD25+ exert their suppressor function by regulating miR-142-3p via Adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) that inhibits AC9 production in Tregs. The FOX3P down-regulates miR-142-3p to keep the AC9-cAMP pathway active in Cd4+CD25+ Treg (3). The forkhead box p3 (Foxp3) positive Tregs have functionally immunosupressive properties that prevents effector cells from acting against self in autoimmune diseases/tumors are are highly relevant in cancer progression (4).
Fox3P is a soluble nuclear protein containing 431 amino acids (MW 52kDa) protein contains 1 C2H2-type zing finger and one forkhead DNA-binding domain. Fox3P is expressed in several splice variant forms. Epigenetic regulation of Fox3P locus contributes to its role as a lineage-specification factor for development of Tregs. The Fox3PP gene is located on chromosome Xp11.23-Xq13.3. Forkhead (FH), also known as a ’winged helix’, is named for the Drosophila fork head protein, a transcription factor which promotes terminal rather than segmental development. Disruption in Fox3pp/winged helix/scurfy protein led lethal lymphoproliferative disorder in scurfin mouse. The scurfin has several FH (forkhead DNA binding domains near C-terminal end of the protein. At least 2 variant isoforms are expressed, a longer iso-form a and a short iso-form b.