PTPN13 antibody

Background of PTPN13 antibody

FAP-1 (also known as Fas-associated phosphatase-1, PTPN13, PTP-BAS, hPTPIE, and PTPL1) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family (reviewed in Meinhold-Heerlein et al, 2001; Savaskan et al, 2005; Foehr et al, 2005; and Ivanov et al, 2006). PTPs are enzymes that catalyze the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue. Most intracellular sigling involves reversible phosphorylation events; therefore, PTPs are central to the dymic regulation of sigling cascades that underlie cell functions. For example, PTPs play key roles in regulating cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, inflammation, and oncogenic transformation. PTPs are emerging as a promising class of sigling targets for diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, and inflammation. A key challenge is to identify specific PTPs that are invovled in a disease process and develop therapeutics to modulate the PTP. FAP-1 phosphatase is thought to be important in the Fas sigling pathway. FAP-1 binds to the cytosolic tail of the Fas receptor (Apo1, CD95) and inhibits Fas-induced apoptosis. Increased FAP-1 protein levels in some tumor cell lines and tumor tissues correlates with resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis. In general, FAP-1 expression has been found to be highest in cell lines and tissues that are relatively resistant to Fas-mediated apoptosis. Gene transfer-mediated elevations in FAP-1 partially abolished Fas-induced apoptosis in a T cell line which is consistent with an inhibitory effect of FAP-1 on Fas sigl transductions. Additiolly, FAP-1 expression correlates with Fas resistant in ovarian cancer cell lines and FAP-1 is commonly expression in ovarian cancers. Human Fas has a putative consensus tyrosine phosphorylation site (Tyrosine 275) suggesting that Fas surface expression or sigling may be regulated by phosphorylation. FAP-1 has been shown to directly bind to Fas and may dephosphorylate Fas as part of the down regulation of the apoptotic pathway. It is thought that development of therapeutics to inhibit FAP-1 may increase the ability of tumor cells with upregulated FAP-1 to undergo apoptosis. FAP-1 is a large approx. 270 kDa protein. Multiple altertively spliced FAP-1 transcript variants which encode distinct proteins have been reported, including shorter forms. Please see Application Notes section for additiol details on FAP-1 isoforms.