SPNS2 antibody

Background of SPNS2 antibody

Sphingosine 1 phosphate is a lipid mediator involved in cell growth, death, migration and differentiation. Sphingosine-1-phosphate transporter 2 (SnpS2) is a human homolog of Drosophila melanogaster gene spinster homolog 2 (spin2) that belongs to a Major Facilitator Superfamily (MFS) of protein. The MFS is a large diverse group of secondary transporters that includes uniporters, symporters and antiporters. The MFS carrier proteins facilitates the transport across cytoplasmic or internal membranes of a variety of solutes in different organisms. In Drosophila the Spinster gene (spin) product is required for programmed cell death in the nervous and reproductive system. The human homolog of spin is SnpS2 gene. The SnpS2 interacts with Bcl2 and apoptosis regulator Bcl-X, but not pro-apoptotic members such as Bcl-2 associated X protein and Bcl2 homologous antagonist killer in cells treated with TNF-alfa (1). Over expression of SnpS2 resulted in the cell death without inducing release of cytochrome C form mitochondria. The effects of SnpS2 are inhibited by co expression of Bcl-xL. Pyrrolidine dithiocarbomate, a necrosis inhibitor, but not the pancaspase inhibitors, carbobenzoxy-VAD-fluoromethyl ketone and p35, blocked the HSpin1-induced cell death in TNF treated cells suggesting a novel caspase independent apoptotic pathway leading to autophagy (1).
Sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P) is a secreted lipid mediator that function in vascular development during embryogenesis and it is not fully understood how the S1P secretion is regulated during early period. A mutant of SnpS2 (S1P receptor 2) in zebra fish displayed cardia bifida. This defect was the result of migration of myocardial precursors in the zebra fish as a result of mutations in a MFS protein (SnpS2) with 10 trans-membrane domains characteristics of transport carriers. These mutants can be rescue by S1P injection (2). SnpS2 expression was observed in extraembryonic tissue yolk synctial layer where it functions as a S1P transporter and is involved in S1P secretion during embryonic development (2).
SnpS2 is a 67kDa membrane bound protein with 10 TMD as commonly seen in all membrane transporter proteins.