All five immunoglobulin classes share the same basic four polypeptide chain structure of two heavy-chains and two light chains. There are five heavy chain types, and two light-chain types (Kappa and Lambda) both having a molecular weight of 22.5kDa. Any heavy-chain type can associate with either light-chain type, but on any immunoglobulin molecule both light-chains are of the same type. Kappa and Lambda consist of a variable region and a constant region and can easily be differentiated by the antigenic properties of the constant region. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30 , the vast majority of which is bound to heavy-chain in immunoglobulin. In normal individuals low levels of free light-chain arepresent in serum (kappa, 1.6-15.2 mg/L; Lambda, 0.4-4.2mg/L), with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies these levels can be greatly elevated and can be found at high levels in the urine (Bence-Jones proteins). This antibody stains only lambda light chain containing cells in human lymphoid tissues.
General readings
Reynolds, W. M. et al (1992) A simple technique for the determination of kappa and lambda immunoglobulin light chain expression by B cells in whole blood: J. Imm. Meth. 151:123-129.
IHC Image using GTX73553 - Detection of Lambda Light Chain by IHC in Human Tonsil
B lymphocytes (CD19+) in a dot-plot Lambda PE vs. Kappa FITC. Kappa light chain detected by A8B5 antibody and lambda light chain by 4C2 antibody, CD19 by LT19 antibody.
B lymphocytes (CD19+) in a dot-plot Lambda PE vs. Kappa FITC. Kappa light chain detected by A8B5 antibody and lambda light chain by 4C2 antibody, CD19 by LT19 antibody.
B lymphocytes (CD19+) in a dot-plot Lambda PE vs. Kappa FITC. Kappa light chain detected by A8B5 antibody and lambda light chain by 4C2 antibody, CD19 by LT19 antibody.
B lymphocytes (CD19+) in a dot-plot Lambda PE vs. Kappa FITC. Kappa light chain detected by A8B5 antibody and lambda light chain by 4C2 antibody, CD19 by LT19 antibody.
Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Human tonsil tissue stained with anti-Human Lambda Light Chain antibody (DB 039). Kindly performed and provided by Katarina Poliakova, MD and Lubomir Straka, MD, Ph. D. from Clinical Pathology Presov, Ltd., Presov, Slovakia.
Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Human tonsil tissue stained with anti-Human Lambda Light Chain antibody (DB 039). Kindly performed and provided by Katarina Poliakova, MD and Lubomir Straka, MD, Ph. D. from Clinical Pathology Presov, Ltd., Presov, Slovakia.
Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Human tonsil tissue stained with anti-Human Lambda Light Chain antibody (DB 039). Kindly performed and provided by Katarina Poliakova, MD and Lubomir Straka, MD, Ph. D. from Clinical Pathology Presov, Ltd., Presov, Slovakia.
Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin Embedded Human tonsil tissue stained with anti-Human Lambda Light Chain antibody (DB 039). Kindly performed and provided by Katarina Poliakova, MD and Lubomir Straka, MD, Ph. D. from Clinical Pathology Presov, Ltd., Presov, Slovakia.
Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Human tonsil stained with Lambda Light Chain antibody Cat.-No. AM10107SU-N using peroxidase conjugate and DAB chromogen. Note the cytoplasmic staining of plasma cells.
Representative DataThe reactivity of anti-lambda-FITC antibody in combination with anti-CD19-PE is illustrated by flow cytometry analysis of normal human peripheral blood B cells.
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