MSH2 antibody

Background of MSH2 antibody

Component of the post-replicative D mismatch repair system (MMR). Forms two different heterodimers: MutS alpha (MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer) and MutS beta (MSH2-MSH3 heterodimer) which binds to D mismatches thereby initiating D repair. When bound, heterodimers bend the D helix and shields approximately 20 base pairs. MutS alpha recognizes single base mismatches and dinucleotide insertion-deletion loops (IDL) in the D. MutS beta recognizes larger insertion-deletion loops up to 13 nucleotides long. After mismatch binding, MutS alpha or beta forms a terry complex with the MutL alpha heterodimer, which is thought to be responsible for directing the downstream MMR events, including strand discrimition, excision, and resynthesis. ATP binding and hydrolysis play a pivotal role in mismatch repair functions. The ATPase activity associated with MutS alpha regulates binding similar to a molecular switch: mismatched D provokes ADP-->ATP exchange, resulting in a discernible conformatiol transition that converts MutS alpha into a sliding clamp capable of hydrolysis-independent diffusion along the D backbone. This transition is crucial for mismatch repair. MutS alpha may also play a role in D homologous recombition repair. In melanocytes may modulate both UV-B-induced cell cycle regulation and apoptosis.